Human-animal interactions (HAI) are the mutual and dynamic exchanges between humans and other animals and their psychophysiological effects on humans. HAI can take various forms, such as pet ownership, animal-assisted interventions, and service animals. In this article, we will explore some of the health benefits of HAI for different populations and settings.
Pet Ownership
Pet ownership is a type of affiliative relationship that involves a strong emotional attachment between humans and their companion animals. Pets can provide emotional support, companionship, and social stimulation for their owners. They can also encourage physical activity, such as walking or playing with a dog, which can improve cardiovascular health and lower blood pressure. According to a study by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, pet owners have lower levels of stress hormones, such as cortisol, and higher levels of oxytocin, a hormone that promotes bonding and relaxation1.
Animal-Assisted Interventions
Animal-assisted interventions (AAI) are structured and goal-oriented interactions that involve trained practitioners bringing animals into an environment to interact with people for the purpose of providing psychophysiological benefits. AAI can be used in various settings, such as schools, hospitals, nursing homes, prisons, and therapy rooms. AAI can help children with autism, ADHD, and other developmental disorders improve their social skills, communication, and behavior2. can also help patients with cancer and terminal illnesses cope with stress, pain, and anxiety1. and AAI can also reduce loneliness and isolation among older adults and enhance their cognitive functioning2.
Service Animals
Service animals are specially trained animals that assist people with disabilities or medical conditions in performing specific tasks or activities. Can include guide dogs for the blind, hearing dogs for the deaf, seizure alert dogs for people with epilepsy, diabetic alert dogs for people with diabetes, and psychiatric service dogs for people with mental health disorders. and Service animals can help their owners gain independence, mobility, safety, and confidence. They can also provide emotional support and companionship for their owners.
Human-animal interactions can have positive effects on human health and well-being. Pets can offer unconditional love and comfort to their owners. Animal-assisted interventions can enhance the physical and mental health of various populations. Service animals can assist people with disabilities or medical conditions in living more fulfilling lives. HAI can be a valuable source of healing and happiness for both humans and animals.
